Entry 4_ Trần Thị Hiền

ENTRY 4:

Argument Structures and Fallacies

ITEM 1: Poster

 

–          Type of fallacy: Structure fallacy: Structure fallacy (Denying the antecedent) and content fallacy (Hasty generalization)

–          Analysis:

• Structure fallacy (Denying the antecedent)

If A, then B (If you drink Heineken, you will become champions)

Not A (If not drink it)

——————————-

Therefore, not B (Therefore, you will be losers.)

• Structure fallacy (Hasty generalization)

In the poster, it says that “meant for champions” which means that anyone who drinks Heineken is champion. However, there are numerous champions who do not use this products. Besides, a large number of people drinking this beer are not champions.

–       Source: http://www.thebeveragejournal.com/heineken-and-uefa-champions-league-begin-new-marketing-effort/

ITEM 2: Funny story

A curious child asked his mother: “Mommy, why are some of your hairs turning grey?”

The mother tried to use this occasion to teach her child: “It is because of you, dear. Every bad action of yours will turn one of my hairs grey!”

The child replied innocently: “Now I know why grandmother has only grey hairs on her head.”

–        structural fallacy and content fallacy (fallacy of presumption)

–       Analysis:

• Structural fallacy

If A, then B (If children are naughty, then their mother’s hair will turn grey.)

B (The grandmother has only grey hairs on her head)

———————————————————————

Therefore, A (Therefore, the mother is naughty)

• Content fallacy (fallacy of presumption)

There is no evidence that naughty children make their mother’s hair turn grey. There are wide range of reasons for this.

 –          Source: http://forum.teachingenglish.edu.vn/default.aspx?g=posts&t=2557

 

ITEM 3: Saying

 

‘Life is either a daring adventure or nothing at all.”

  Helen Keller (American author)

–          Type of fallacy: content fallacy (false dilemma)

–          Analysis:

• false dilemma: there are only two options

This quotation says that “Life is either a daring adventure or nothing at all.””. In fact, life is an abstract concept including many other definitions, not only daring adventure or nothing like that.

–          Source:  http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/9605-life-is-either-a-daring-adventure-or-nothing-at-all

WRITING PORTFOLIO

TOPIC: Should countries encourage tourism? Discuss.

Entry 3_Trần Thị Hiền

ENTRY 3

Identifying Bias

ITEM 1:

–       Discrimination

–       Analysis: the signs indicating some of the discrimination immigrants faced; they had to stay in the baggage area when they first arrived in Pueblo (modern and old communities of Native Americans in the Southwestern United States of America) in 1889.

–       Source: http://www.rte50.com/2007/06/downtown-pueblo.html

ITEM 2:

 

–       Stereotype

–       Analysis: When most people hear ‘England’ or ‘the English, the images come into their mind may be a man wearing a bowler hat and carrying a long unopened umbrella. In addition, they are binge drinkers, don’t want to learn other foreign languages, are proud of being different. When a British person is playing a public role: formality. However, when a British person is playing a private role: no rule at all. Etc.

–       Source: http://www.lgpcards.co.uk/postcards.html

ITEM 3:

As recovery continues from the recent bombing of the Boston marathon and the intense pursuit of the suspects reaches closure, we seem to be left with the sense that radical Islam will never stop relentlessly crusading violently against the American way of life. Many conservatives point to immigration policies and Islam in America as the main perpetrators of violence in America.

–       Scapegoating

–       Analysis: After many terrorism as well as bombardment which were caused by Islamic groups and immigrant groups in US, most people blame for Islamists and immigrants as the main reason.

–       Source: http://www.easttennessean.com/viewpoint/islam-blamed-for-terrorism-everyday-murder-ignored-1.3037427#.UmfGbPnIZ7U

Entry 1_ Trần Thị Hiền

Entry 1

Item 1: Poem

Happiness (by Raymond Carver)

 

So early it’s still almost dark out.

I’m near the window with coffee,

and the usual early morning stuff

that passes for thought.

 

When I see the boy and his friend

walking up the road

to deliver the newspaper.

 

They wear caps and sweaters,

and one boy has a bag over his shoulder.

They are so happy

they aren’t saying anything, these boys.

 

I think if they could, they would take

each other’s arm.

It’s early in the morning,

and they are doing this thing together.

 

They come on, slowly.

The sky is taking on light,

though the moon still hangs pale over the water.

 

Such beauty that for a minute

death and ambition, even love,

doesn’t enter into this.

 

Happiness. It comes on

unexpectedly. And goes beyond, really,

any early morning talk about it.

–       Rhetorical devices

Metaphor:

• ‘dark’, ‘moon’ (grief or sadness)
• ‘early morning’, ‘light’,  ‘happy’ ’boys’ (happiness)
• Two boy (friendship)

–       Message: Happiness comes on unexpectedly in every day of life.

 

Item 2:Story

The most important part

 

 

My mother used to ask me what is the most important part of the body.

Through the years I would take a guess at what I thought was the correct answer.

When I was younger, I thought sound was very important to us as humans, so I said, “My ears, Mommy.”

She said, “No. Many people are deaf.

But you keep thinking about it and I will ask you again soon.”

Several years passed before she asked me again.

Since making my first attempt, I had contemplated the correct answer.

So this time I told her, “Mommy, sight is very important to everybody, so it must be our eyes.”

She looked at me and told me, “You are learning fast, but the answer is not correct because there are many people who are blind.”

Stumped again, I continued my quest for knowledge and over the years, Mother
asked me a couple more times and always her answer was, “No.

But you are getting smarter every year, my child.”

Then one year, my grandfather died. Everybody was hurt. Everybody was crying.Even my father cried. I remember that especially because it was only the second
time I saw him cry.

My Mom looked at me when it was our turn to say our final good-bye to my Grandfather.

She asked me, “Do you know the most important body part yet, my dear?”

I was shocked when she asked me this now. I always thought this was a game between her and me. She saw the confusion on my face and told me, “This question is very important. It shows that you have really lived in your life. For every body part you gave me in the past, I have told you were wrong and I have given you an example why. But today is the day you need to learn this important lesson.”

She looked down at me as only a mother can. I saw her eyes well up with tears. She said, “My dear, the most important body part is your shoulder.”

I asked, “Is it because it holds up my head?”

She replied, “No, it is because it can hold the head of a friend or a loved one when
they cry. Everybody needs a shoulder to cry on sometime in life, my dear. I only
hope that you have enough love and friends that you will always have a shoulder
to cry on when you need it.”

Then and there I knew the most important body part is not a selfish one.

It is sympathetic to the pain of others.

People will forget what you said. People will forget what you did.

But people will NEVER forget how you made them feel.

–       Rhetorical device:

Metaphor: Shoulder (sympathy, help)

Parallelism

–       Message: people will never forget how you made them feel.

Item 3: Cartoon

Nobel peace prize winner

 

 

–       Rhetorical devices:

Symbol:

Vulture: chim kền kền (death)

Obama: United states

Soldier: the war

Irony: Obama gained Nobel Prize for peace; however, he wants to take army to Syria.

–       Message: protecting world peace is what US resorts to attacking Syria

 

Source:

(1) http://www.americanpoems.com/poets/carver/7416

(2) http://bachdangshincollege.edu.vn/the-most-important-part-of-a-body/

(3) http://www.commonsenseevaluation.com/2013/08/31/cartoon-day-peace-prize-winner/

Entry 1_ Trần Thị Hiền

Entry 1

Item 1: Poem

 Happiness (by Raymond Carver)

 

So early it’s still almost dark out.

I’m near the window with coffee,

and the usual early morning stuff

that passes for thought.

 

When I see the boy and his friend

walking up the road

to deliver the newspaper.

 

They wear caps and sweaters,

and one boy has a bag over his shoulder.

They are so happy

they aren’t saying anything, these boys.

 

I think if they could, they would take

each other’s arm.

It’s early in the morning,

and they are doing this thing together.

 

They come on, slowly.

The sky is taking on light,

though the moon still hangs pale over the water.

 

Such beauty that for a minute

death and ambition, even love,

doesn’t enter into this.

 

Happiness. It comes on

unexpectedly. And goes beyond, really,

any early morning talk about it.

 

Source: http://www.americanpoems.com/poets/carver/7416

–       Rhetorical devices

Metaphor:

• ‘dark’, ‘moon’ (grief or sadness)
• ‘early morning’, ‘light’,  ‘happy’ ’boys’ (happiness)
• Two boy (friendship)

–       Message: Happiness comes on unexpectedly in every day of life.

 

Item 2:Story

The most important part

 

My mother used to ask me what is the most important part of the body.

Through the years I would take a guess at what I thought was the correct answer.

When I was younger, I thought sound was very important to us as humans, so I said, “My ears, Mommy.”

She said, “No. Many people are deaf.

But you keep thinking about it and I will ask you again soon.”

Several years passed before she asked me again.

Since making my first attempt, I had contemplated the correct answer.

So this time I told her, “Mommy, sight is very important to everybody, so it must be our eyes.”

She looked at me and told me, “You are learning fast, but the answer is not correct because there are many people who are blind.”

Stumped again, I continued my quest for knowledge and over the years, Mother
asked me a couple more times and always her answer was, “No.

But you are getting smarter every year, my child.”

Then one year, my grandfather died. Everybody was hurt. Everybody was crying.Even my father cried. I remember that especially because it was only the second
time I saw him cry.

My Mom looked at me when it was our turn to say our final good-bye to my Grandfather.

She asked me, “Do you know the most important body part yet, my dear?”

I was shocked when she asked me this now. I always thought this was a game between her and me. She saw the confusion on my face and told me, “This question is very important. It shows that you have really lived in your life. For every body part you gave me in the past, I have told you were wrong and I have given you an example why. But today is the day you need to learn this important lesson.”

She looked down at me as only a mother can. I saw her eyes well up with tears. She said, “My dear, the most important body part is your shoulder.”

I asked, “Is it because it holds up my head?”

She replied, “No, it is because it can hold the head of a friend or a loved one when
they cry. Everybody needs a shoulder to cry on sometime in life, my dear. I only
hope that you have enough love and friends that you will always have a shoulder
to cry on when you need it.”

Then and there I knew the most important body part is not a selfish one.

It is sympathetic to the pain of others.

People will forget what you said. People will forget what you did.

But people will NEVER forget how you made them feel.

–       Rhetorical device: 

Metaphor: Shoulder (sympathy, help)

Parallelism

–       Message: people will never forget how you made them feel.

 

 Item 3: Cartoon

Nobel peace prize winner

 

 

–       Rhetorical devices:

Symbol:

Vulture: chim kền kền (death)

Obama: United states

Soldier: the war

Irony: Obama gained Nobel Prize for peace; however, he wants to take army to Syria.

–       Message: protecting world peace is what US resorts to attacking Syria

Source: http://www.commonsenseevaluation.com/2013/08/31/cartoon-day-peace-prize-winner/

Entry 1_Trần Thị Hiền

Entry 1

Item 1: Poem

Happiness (by Raymond Carver)

 

So early it’s still almost dark out.

I’m near the window with coffee,

and the usual early morning stuff

that passes for thought.

 

When I see the boy and his friend

walking up the road

to deliver the newspaper.

 

They wear caps and sweaters,

and one boy has a bag over his shoulder.

They are so happy

they aren’t saying anything, these boys.

 

I think if they could, they would take

each other’s arm.

It’s early in the morning,

and they are doing this thing together.

 

They come on, slowly.

The sky is taking on light,

though the moon still hangs pale over the water.

 

Such beauty that for a minute

death and ambition, even love,

doesn’t enter into this.

 

Happiness. It comes on

unexpectedly. And goes beyond, really,

any early morning talk about it.

 

Source: http://www.americanpoems.com/poets/carver/7416

–       Rhetorical devices

Metaphor:

• ‘dark’, ‘moon’ (grief or sadness)
• ‘early morning’, ‘light’,  ‘happy’ ’boys’ (happiness)
• Two boy (friendship)

–       Message: Happiness comes on unexpectedly in every day of life.

 

Item 2:Story

The most important part

 

My mother used to ask me what is the most important part of the body.

Through the years I would take a guess at what I thought was the correct answer.

When I was younger, I thought sound was very important to us as humans, so I said, “My ears, Mommy.”

She said, “No. Many people are deaf.

But you keep thinking about it and I will ask you again soon.”

Several years passed before she asked me again.

Since making my first attempt, I had contemplated the correct answer.

So this time I told her, “Mommy, sight is very important to everybody, so it must be our eyes.”

She looked at me and told me, “You are learning fast, but the answer is not correct because there are many people who are blind.”

Stumped again, I continued my quest for knowledge and over the years, Mother
asked me a couple more times and always her answer was, “No.

But you are getting smarter every year, my child.”

Then one year, my grandfather died. Everybody was hurt. Everybody was crying.Even my father cried. I remember that especially because it was only the second
time I saw him cry.

My Mom looked at me when it was our turn to say our final good-bye to my Grandfather.

She asked me, “Do you know the most important body part yet, my dear?”

I was shocked when she asked me this now. I always thought this was a game between her and me. She saw the confusion on my face and told me, “This question is very important. It shows that you have really lived in your life. For every body part you gave me in the past, I have told you were wrong and I have given you an example why. But today is the day you need to learn this important lesson.”

She looked down at me as only a mother can. I saw her eyes well up with tears. She said, “My dear, the most important body part is your shoulder.”

I asked, “Is it because it holds up my head?”

She replied, “No, it is because it can hold the head of a friend or a loved one when
they cry. Everybody needs a shoulder to cry on sometime in life, my dear. I only
hope that you have enough love and friends that you will always have a shoulder
to cry on when you need it.”

Then and there I knew the most important body part is not a selfish one.

It is sympathetic to the pain of others.

People will forget what you said. People will forget what you did.

But people will NEVER forget how you made them feel.

–       Rhetorical devices: 

Metaphor: Shoulder (sympathy, help)

Parallelism

–       Message: people will never forget how you made them feel.

 

Item 3: Cartoon

Nobel peace prize winner

 

 

–       Rhetorical devices:

Symbol:

Vulture: chim kền kền (death)

Obama: United states

Soldier: the war

Irony: Obama gained Nobel Prize for peace; however, he wants to take army to Syria.

–       Message: protecting world peace is what US resorts to attacking Syria

Source: http://www.commonsenseevaluation.com/2013/08/31/cartoon-day-peace-prize-winner/